Disk brakes swap on a new road bike with rim brakes

Can I put disk brakes on it?

No. You cannot effectively convert a rim brake frame or forks to disc brakes.

(Alternative answer:

do I need to replace parts?

Yes, the frame and forks.)

Seriously though, if you are buying a new bike, buy the bike you actually want rather than planning to convert or upgrade. There are disc brake road bikes available across a wide range of price points theses days.

While they are a few "adapters" that might sometimes allow installing the rear disc caliper onto certain frames (if lucky), these adapters look ugly and certainly won't fit the aesthetics of a road bike. Such an adapter would be more fitting for a hybrid, utility or ancient mountain bike.

Similar adapters for forks do not exist because a rim brake fork is not designed to be strong enough to endure the twisting action that would arise at the fork leg if a disc brake somehow gets placed there.

A frame failure at the rear dropout in a case when such a brake adapter rips the chunk of the frame out is quite dangerous, but in many cases still allows to stop. A fork suddenly losing one of its legs is a certain visit to a doctor or even to a mortician.

Don't do it. Yes, back when disk brakes were new and few bikes were available with them it sorta made sense to "upgrade" the bike to disks (though you had to be a real bike nerd to do this). But, as the others have said, the compromises you'd have to make to get disks to work on a non-disk bike are expensive, dangerous, and just flaky.

If you want disk brakes, buy a disk brake bike.