Question on ANOVA and Correlation/Association

I’ve been working on examining statistical relationships between variable:

1. Pearsons, Spearman’s for continuous variables
2. Kendall’s Tau, Cramer’s V for ordinal/nominal variables.

I know there’s many more ways. Recently I read about ANOVA and hypothesis testing. It seems similar to measuring correlation and association. In fact, I can’t tell if it is just another way of doing the same thing, or if it is something entirely different. Most explanations of ANOVA seem a bit more complicated than most explanations of correlation or association.

For example, I know that Pearson’s R is a measure of covariance scaled by standard deviation. And ANOVA stands for Analysis Of Variance. So it appears to me that it’s the same sort of thing. But I can’t tell 100% for sure.

Will someone please shed some light on this technique, what it is used for, and how it contrasts with measuring correlation?