Weird regions in lagoon water ripples pattern (Google Maps)

I am also not behind this stitching. I believe adjusting / stitching algorithm is being totally confused by so many various not matching shapes and contrasts of waves. It is simply overwhelmed, and not able to properly find the match between neighbouring photos. And so at the "edges of photos" it creates these 'weird' patterns.

The problem with water is, it reflects the sunlight kind of like a mirror, well very wrinkly mirror in case of sea. So when you take a photo with camera from plane (or satellite, generally from above), the sun reflection comes in the way, the closer to sun reflection, the brighter, futher away darker. Based on plane flight plan, time of photo capture, season, especially with camera not facing straight down, but rather under angle, these reflections and so brightness hugely varies on relative position of the sun, and go gradually through the photo from one side to the other, every time differently.

So ever changing sun reflection (sun conditions, including clouds) with ever moving waves is the reason why sea areas look so patchy with such weird shapes.

I don't know for sure, but as you guessed, the effect you're seeing on the water is likely just stitching between images. This looks like aerial imagery (from an airplane, not a satellite), which means that there were probably multiple overlapping images available for each place, and the stitching algorithm can take advantage of that to make the stitch boundaries look more natural and less blocky.