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Let $Acup B$ be open, disconnected in $Bbb{R}^2$ where $A,B$ are non-empty, disjoint. Are both $A,B$ open in $Bbb{R}^2$?

Mathematics Asked by MathBS on December 18, 2021

I have tried it in the following manner-
Assume $A$ is not open. Then $exists xin A$ such that $xnotin A^circ$ i.e. $forall epsilon>0, B(x,epsilon)notsubset A$ .
Now $xin Acup B$, open in $Bbb{R}^2$. Hence $exists r>0$ such that $B(x,r)subset Acup B$. But $B(x,r)notsubset A$, so we must have $B(x,r)cap Bneqemptyset$. Again for any $0<epsilonle r, B(x,epsilon)subset Acup B$ and $B(x,epsilon)notsubset A$, so we must have $B(x,epsilon)cap Bneq emptyset$ for all $0<epsilonle r$. Hence $xin overline{B}$.
$therefore xin Acapoverline{B}implies Acap overline{B}neq emptyset$.
Now if both $A$ and $B$ are connected then $Acup B$ will be connected (but here it is given that $Acup B $ is disconnected). So we must have either $A$ or $B$ is disconnected.
Now from this stage I cannot proceed further to get a contradiction. Can anyone guide me to conclude? Thanks for help in advance.

2 Answers

Let

$$A=big((-1,0)times(0,1)big)cupleft{leftlangle 0,frac12rightrangleright}cupbig((-1,0)times(-1,0)big)$$

and

$$B=left(big([0,1)times(0,1)big)setminusleft{leftlangle 0,frac12rightrangleright}right)cupbig((0,1)times(-1,0)big);.$$

Then $Acap B=varnothing$,

$$Acup B=big((-1,1)times(0,1)big)cupbig((-1,0)times(-1,0)big)cupbig((0,1)times(-1,0)big)$$

is open and disconnected in $Bbb R^2$, and neither $A$ nor $B$ is open.

Answered by Brian M. Scott on December 18, 2021

It's not true. For example, $A = ((0,1] cup (3,4)) times mathbb R$, $B = ((1,2) cup [4,5)) times mathbb R$, so $A cup B = ((0,2) cup (3,5)) times mathbb R$ is open and disconnected, but neither $A$ nor $B$ is open.

Answered by Robert Israel on December 18, 2021

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