List of weigh stations in the US and their locations?

This may not be the answer you seek.

Weigh Station Location Information

Weigh-in-Motion (Bi-Directional) Interstate based Weigh Stations:
Flagler / Madison / Martin / Pensacola / Punta Gorda / Seffner / Sneads / White Springs / Wildwood / Yulee

Static Station Non-Interstate based Weigh Stations:
Hilliard / Hopewell / Lake City / MacClenny / Old Town / Palatka / Palm Coast / Pensacola / Plantation Key / Yulee

But still, you can web scrape from the Florida Department of TRANSPORTATION.

AFAIK, I haven't found a direct download of this data. It contains all the required fields

Note: It has only Florida Weigh station info