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Radial motions moment of inertia

Physics Asked on July 17, 2021

I’m looking for some references on a specific moment of inertia, for radial motions of a spherical body. In my calculations, I got this integral :
begin{equation}tag{1}
bar{I} = int r^2 , dm = int_{mathcal{V}} rho(r) , r^2 , d^3 x,
end{equation}
where $rho$ is the matter density and $r^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2$ defines the usual radial coordinate (the coordinates origin is located at the center of the spherical body). For an uniform mass distribution, this integral is easy to do :
begin{equation}tag{2}
bar{I} = frac{3}{5} ; M R^2.
end{equation}
Please, don’t confuse this with the well known moment of inertia of the sphere, around some rotation axis. This is about radial motions, and not rotation.

I never saw this in any books on mechanics.

Notice that expression (1) above is also half the trace of the inertia tensor :
begin{equation}tag{3}
I_{ij} = int_{mathcal{V}} (r^2 , delta_{ij} – x_i , x_j) , rho ; d^3 x,
end{equation}
Then we have this :
begin{equation}tag{4}
bar{I} equiv frac{1}{2} ; I_{kk}.
end{equation}

I’m not sure the “radial inertia moment” defined by (1) (if it have a proper interpretation) is getting the proper factor.

Any thoughts on this ?

2 Answers

The moment of inertia is the measure of resistance to angular acceleration about an axis. Unless I'm mistaken, what you're after is the modulus of elasticity $E$ (or Poisson's ratio $nu$) of the object. That dictates the response to radial motion given a uniform pressure field acting on the surface of the sphere.

Answered by gdbb89 on July 17, 2021

Of course it is half the trace. Given the three principal components on some coordinate system are $$ begin{align} I_{xx} & = int (y^2+z^2) {rm d}m I_{yy} & = int (z^2+x^2) {rm d}m I_{zz} & = int (x^2+y^2) {rm d}m end{align} $$

Add them up to get

$$ I_{xx}+ I_{yy}+I_{zz} = int (2 x^2+2 y^2+2 z^2) {rm d}m $$

which is double the value in your definition of

$$ I_{radial} = int ( x^2+y^2+ z^2) {rm d}m $$

The bigger question here is, how is the above derived and how is it used? I think the OP needs to provide more details for the question to be answered effectively.

Answered by John Alexiou on July 17, 2021

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