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Why does $sum_n langle n|M_mrho M_m^dagger|nrangle$ simplify to $langle psi|M_m^dagger M_m|psirangle$?

Quantum Computing Asked on May 14, 2021

I was trying to derive the formula for $p(m)$ in exercise 8.2 on page 357 in Nielsen & Chuang. But I am wondering what rule I can apply to simplify this

$$mathrm{tr}(mathcal{E}_m(rho) )= sum_n langle n | M_m rho M_m^{dagger} | nrangle = sum_n langle n | M_m | psirangle
langle psi | M_m^{dagger} | nrangle $$

to $langlepsi|M_m^{dagger}M_m|psirangle$?

Because after this I can’t find any idea to boil down to this.

One Answer

This is because:

$$ sum_n langle n | M_m | psirangle langle psi | M_m^{dagger} | nrangle = sum_n langle psi | M_m^{dagger} | nrangle langle n | M_m | psirangle = langle psi | M_m^{dagger} I M_m | psirangle = langle psi | M_m^{dagger} M_m | psirangle $$

note that $sum_n|nranglelangle n| = I $

Correct answer by KAJ226 on May 14, 2021

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