Rubyist way to test for a hash key in an array

Question

I am parsing some JSON which has been converted to Ruby data structures. I have records that look either like this:
"uros"=>[{"ure"=>"zip*less", "prs"=>[{"mw"=>"ˈzip-ləs", "sound"=>{"audio"=>"ziples01", "ref"=>"c", "stat"=>"1"}}]
or like this:
"uros"=>[{"ure"=>"gas chromatographic", "fl"=>"adjective"}]
I want to pull out the hash value for the key audio when it appears.
What is the clean way to test for the presence of said key in Ruby? Here are my attempts thus far. The variable entry represents the enclosing data structure:
if entry["uros"] != nil # Nope              
#if entry["uros"]["prs"] != nil  # Nope 
#if not entry["uros"]["prs"]["sound"]["audio"].first.instance_of? nil  # Nope 
#if ! entry["uros"]["prs"].instance_of? nil  # Nope

puts entry["uros"].first["prs"].first["sound"]["audio"]

end

The error message I get is either:
undefined method `first' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

or conversely:
 undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

How would you do this?

Schwern · Answer

You can use the safe navigation operator to search around the the data structure without getting a bunch of NoMethodErrors. The safe navigation operator will call the method, or return nil if called on nil.
audio = entry["uros"]
  &.first
  &.[]("prs")
  &.first
  &.dig("sound", "audio")

This might look funny, but remember that [] is just another method. If any part of that method chain returns nil, the whole thing will return nil.
entry["uros"]&.first is roughly equivalent to...
entry["uros"].first if entry["uros"] != nil

Sergio Tulentsev · Answer

Hash has a method for checking presence of a key-value pair
if entry.key?('uros')

But problem with your code is you don't check for existence of the nested keys. You check for "uros", but then "prs" might not exist.
Here's a better version that allows nils at every step
audio = entry.dig('uros', 0, 'prs', 0, 'sound', 'audio')

Rubyist way to test for a hash key in an array

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