Trying to recover a NTFS corrupt partition

I’m stucked with the fixing of a NTFS partition, which I kind of recovered from the MFT backup using TestDisk 7.2-WIP on Windows 7, even so the partition recovered is corrupted.

Applying on Debian Linux the instructions of https://www.andreafortuna.org/dfir/how-to-extract-data-and-timeline-from-master-file-table-on-ntfs-filesystem/ to analyze the Master File Table (with analyzeMFT.py) I can get the partition layout of the hard drive:

debian:~# mmls /dev/sdc
DOS Partition Table
Offset Sector: 0
Units are in 512-byte sectors

      Slot      Start        End          Length       Description
000:  Meta      0000000000   0000000000   0000000001   Primary Table (#0)
001:  -------   0000000000   0000016063   0000016064   Unallocated
002:  Meta      0000000063   0976773119   0976773057   Win95 Extended (0x0f)
003:  Meta      0000000063   0000000063   0000000001   Extended Table (#1)
004:  001:000   0000016064   0976768064   0976752001   NTFS / exFAT (0x07)
005:  -------   0976768065   0976773167   0000005103   Unallocated

I’m interested in the NTFS / exFAT (0x07) partition, starting in the offset of 16064
But instead of displaying the content of that inode, it shows an error:

debian:~# icat -o 16064 /dev/sdc 0 > mft.raw
Cannot determine file system type

Specifying the file system is futile…

debian:~# icat -f ntfs -o 16064 /dev/sdc 0 > mft.raw
Invalid magic value (Not a NTFS file system (magic))

… not even as a RAW filesystem:

debian:~# icat -f raw -o 16064 /dev/sdc 0 > mft.raw
Function/Feature not supported (Illegal analysis method for raw data )

Even fdisk says it’s a NTFS filesystem:

debian:~# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: 00LPVX-22V0TT0  
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa5eb893d

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1          63 976773119 976773057 465.8G  f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sdc5       16064 976768064 976752001 465.8G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

ntfsfix finally provides some insight into the problem:

debian:~# ntfsfix /dev/sdc5
Mounting volume... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument
NTFS signature is missing.
Trying the alternate boot sector
Unrecoverable error
Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk.

But I was twice wrong, chkdsk can’t even work with the filesystem, it says it’s a RAW filesystem:

C:Windowssystem32>chkdsk d: /f
The type of the file system is RAW. 
CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives.

The question is: How to set the filesystem type as NTFS without formatting the partition?