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Biblatex biblography prints all caps letters when using UTF8 special characters

TeX - LaTeX Asked on July 27, 2021

I use biblatex with a biber backend and the usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} package. For some reason, references in my .bib file that contain special characters are printed in all-caps in my bibliography.

I tried replicating the effect with a MWE, however every version I tried printed the bibliography in a correct way. Does anyone know of a combination of packages that could cause this behavior?

EDIT: MWE replicating the effect

RequirePackage{filecontents}

begin{filecontents*}{mybib.bib}
@book{test1,
    address = {City},
    title = {{Öffentlichkeit}},
    publisher = {Doe, Jane},
    author = {Doe, Jane},
    year = {1937}
}

end{filecontents*}


documentclass[
12pt
]{book} % The class file specifying the document structure

% Set the values for the bibliography
usepackage[
style=apa,
backend=biber,
isbn=false,
url=true,
doi=true,
natbib=true,
eprint=false,
hyperref=true,
backref=false,
firstinits=false
]{biblatex}

usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes} % Required to generate language-dependent quotes in the bibliography
usepackage{xpatch}

% Set language
DeclareLanguageMapping{american}{american-apa}

addbibresource{mybib.bib}



addbibresource{mybib.bib}

begin{document}

textcite{test1} 


printbibliography
end{document}

One Answer

The issue does not occur when one runs the MWE as is with a current version of biblatex. The issue can, however, be reproduced if one switches to the legacy chase changing method with casechange=latex2e, (which was the - unchangeable - default in older versions [<=v3.14] of biblatex).

documentclass{article}
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes}
usepackage[backend=biber, style=apa, casechanger=latex2e]{biblatex}

begin{filecontents*}{jobname.bib}
@book{test1,
  author    = {Doe, Jane},
  title     = {{Öffentlichkeit}},
  year      = {1937},
  publisher = {Pub & Co.},
  address   = {City},
}
end{filecontents*}
addbibresource{jobname.bib}
begin{document}
textcite{test1} 

printbibliography
end{document}

Doe, J. (1937). ÖFFENTLICHKEIT. Pub & Co.

It is related to the problems with the case changer discussed in https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/459.

A workaround would be to brace only the first letter of the word and not the entire word

@book{test1,
  author    = {Doe, Jane},
  title     = {{Ö}ffentlichkeit},
  year      = {1937},
  publisher = {Pub & Co.},
  address   = {City},
}

With German titles it would in general be preferable to mark the titles up as German to avoid any case changing completely

@book{test1,
  author    = {Doe, Jane},
  title     = {Öffentlichkeit},
  year      = {1937},
  publisher = {Pub & Co.},
  address   = {City},
  langid    = {ngerman},
}

From version 3.15 (2020-08-16) onwards, biblatex uses expl3 case changing functions (if the LaTeX kernel is sufficiently modern and the document is encoded in UTF-8). Those case changing functions are in general more robust and do not have this issue. Update your TeX distribution if possible.

Correct answer by moewe on July 27, 2021

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