latex/listings extend/add to a literate rule

Question

I was looking at this question here Listings: syntax for literate but when I try the mew of the solution, it crashes if I insert special characters like the German ä.

Since these should be escaped by the first literate rule, I assume that the first literate rule is overwritten by the following one.

Is there a way around this? (then it's be possible to specify a literate rule in general for all listings and then just adding to to the literate rule some things for each language)

Ethan Duckworth · Answer

There must be some clever way just to add to the literate list, but I don't know it.  However, just today I had a very similar problem, for Matlab code.  I simply went to the mcode.sty file, and copied the entire list of literate replacements, and then added mine.  So the old one looked like this
lstset{%
  literate=%
  {(end)}{lstbasicfont (end)}{5} % black ``end'' when indexing last vector element
  {({ }end)}{lstbasicfont ({ }end)}{6}
  {(end{ })}{lstbasicfont (end{ })}{6}
  {({ }end{ })}{lstbasicfont ({ }end{ })}{7}
  {:end}{lstbasicfont :end}{4}
  {:{ }end}{lstbasicfont :{ }end}{5}
  {end:}{lstbasicfont end:}{4}
  {end{ }:}{lstbasicfont end{ }:}{5}
  {,end}{lstbasicfont ,end}{4}
  {,{ }end}{lstbasicfont ,{ }end}{5}
  {µ}{$mu$}1
  {~}{{fontfamily{ptm}selectfonttexttildelow}}1 % get a nicer tilde character
  }

and I changed that to
lstset{%
  literate=%
    {(end)}{lstbasicfont (end)}{5} % black ``end'' when indexing last vector element
    {({ }end)}{lstbasicfont ({ }end)}{6}
    {(end{ })}{lstbasicfont (end{ })}{6}
    {({ }end{ })}{lstbasicfont ({ }end{ })}{7}
    {:end}{lstbasicfont :end}{4}
    {:{ }end}{lstbasicfont :{ }end}{5}
    {end:}{lstbasicfont end:}{4}
    {end{ }:}{lstbasicfont end{ }:}{5}
    {,end}{lstbasicfont ,end}{4}
    {,{ }end}{lstbasicfont ,{ }end}{5}
    {µ}{$mu$}1
    {~}{{fontfamily{ptm}selectfonttexttildelow}}1 % get a nicer tilde character
    {×}{$times$}1 % W.E.D. added on 1/18/2021
  }

So, if you can find which package you are using that already defines a literate list, just copy and paste that into your document along with your addition.

latex/listings extend/add to a literate rule

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