Can Facebook send a confirmation code to an alternate email not associated with my account?

You can try to send message to Facebook and ask if they could send you code to other email or do something else. And there is many smart guys who could help also. RTry to contact to facebook and if you canät solve your problem so I can recommend one guy who helped me with one account problem. His name was Vadim and email was cravadi [at] yandex.com. Hope you will got your problem solved :/

No, if they did that, that'd be just a super easy way for anyone to take over an account.